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The Hong Kong Identity Card (abbreviation: ''HKID'', ''ID card'') is an official identity document issued by the Immigration Department of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Permanent Identity Card is a class of HKID issued to Hong Kong residents who have the right of abode (ROA) in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region〔Yearbook.gov.hk. "(Yearbook.gov.hk )." ''Hong Kong 2006.'' Retrieved on 7 February 2008.〕 According to the Registration of Persons Ordinance (Cap. 177), all residents of age 11 or above who are living in Hong Kong for longer than 180 days must, within 30 days of either reaching the age of 11 or arriving in Hong Kong, register for an HKID.〔Immd.gov.hk. "(immd.gov.hk )." ''The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.'' Retrieved on 7 February 2008.〕 HKIDs contain amongst others the name of the bearer in English, and if applicable in Chinese. It does not expire for the duration of residency in Hong Kong. ==History== The use of identity documents has a long history in Hong Kong, starting with manually filled paper documents, to the smart card introduced on 23 June 2003.〔 Before 1949, people could move freely into and out of Hong Kong (then a British colony), and China (then Republic of China). Hong Kong residents who held Republic of China citizenship were not registered. In 1949, when the Government of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan and the :People's Republic of China was established on the mainland, the Hong Kong Government began to register Hong Kong residents to issue compulsory identity documents.〔Immd.gov.hk. "(immd.gov.hk )." ''Registration of persons, proof of identity.'' Retrieved on 7 February 2008.〕 These measures were put into practice to halt the large influx of refugees from Communist China and control the border with mainland China. The registration was completed in 1951. Although registration was compulsory for all residents, people were not required to carry their documents with them at all times when out in public. Beginning on 1 June 1960, the government introduced the second generation of ID cards.〔 These bore the holder's fingerprint and photograph, and an official stamp. The information was typed, and the card was laminated. Males had a blue card and females had a red card. The format of card was replaced in November 1973 with a card without fingerprints.〔 The colour of the stamp identified and differentiated permanent residents (black) from non-permanent ones (green). New immigrants subsequently became known colloquially as "green stamp guests" (Chinese: 綠印客). From 24 October 1980, carrying the identity card in public areas and showing it when requested by a police or immigration officer became compulsory. This law was passed to halt large numbers of illegal immigrants arriving in the territory. The government adopted a policy of deporting illegal immigrants to China within three days if they could not produce a valid ID card. From March 1983, digitally processed identity cards were introduced to reduce forgery.〔 This also simplified border controls. On 1 June 1987, the Immigration Department produced cards without the coat of arms of British Hong Kong,〔 which would last through the handover on 1 July 1997. Following the handover the cards display a smaller seal of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the back of the card. In 2003, the government began replacing the cards with smart IDs in stages. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hong Kong Identity Card」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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